In the early 1900s, a train line opened for service in the mountains west of Tokyo. But in 1920, train crews found themselves stopping traffic for an unusual reason. The train tracks, running through dense jungle, were engulfed in swarms of millipedes, all white hinges like ghosts. The creatures, which are not insects and emit cyanide when attacked by a predator, were on a mission that remained mysterious even after they settled in dead leaves and soil.

Trains have resumed service, and millipedes have not been seen again for a long time. But after about a decade, they reappear like spirits rising from the ground, engulfing train tracks and mountain roads again. They seem to follow this pattern over and over again.

Millennium worms fascinated Keiko Nijima, a government scientist who began working in the mountains in the 1970s. During her career, she collected reports of their appearance and coordinated other researchers to collect millipedes throughout their life cycle. A few years ago, I contacted Jin Yoshimura, a mathematical biologist at Japan’s Shizuoka University who studies periodic cicadas. These insects explode to mate and die in massive numbers every 13 or 17 years. She wanted to work with Dr. Yoshimura on the idea that millipedes on the train might be doing something similar.

in this moment A research paper published Wednesday in the Royal Society Open ScienceDr. Niijima, Dr. Yoshimura and Momoka Nii, also from the University of Shizuoka, presented a detailed case that these millipedes, specifically the subspecies Parafontaria laminata armigera, are indeed cyclical, and it is the first time that this behavior has been observed in a non-insect animal, with a life cycle from birth. Until death lasts eight years. However, they also report that millipedes are no longer aggregated in large numbers as before.

READ  실시간 업데이트: 레바논의 이스라엘 비냐미나 공격으로 60명이 부상당했으며 헤즈볼라가 자신들의 소행이라고 주장

Dr. Yoshimura said that when millipede worms rise, they are on their way to new feeding grounds. Mature adults are often spotted on the go; When the creatures reach a new bed of decaying leaves to feed, they eat, mate, lay eggs, and die.

Dr. Niijima and several of her colleagues who reported on the appearance of millipedes carefully collected invertebrates from the soil near where the locust swarms were seen. They hoped to confirm the timescale in which millipedes were evolving – if there were new events each year in the same place, the organisms were unlikely to be cyclical. But if they grow slowly over the years, that will fit the image better.

Over time, it became apparent that not only did they evolve over the course of eight years, but that there were also various groups, or incubators, living in their cycles in separate parts of the mountains. Researchers have identified seven incubators – the event of 1920 was the emergence of the sixth brood, they write, which has been spotted again roughly every eight years since then. The only gap in Brood VI’s record was in 1944, when the turmoil following Japan’s defeat in World War II resulted in no squadrons being registered.

The periodicity of cicadas may have evolved during the period of global cooling to maximize mating opportunities, Dr. Yoshimura and his collaborators have reported. In previous work, With all available adults mixing simultaneously. It is not yet clear what circumstances led millipedes to adopt their strange regularity, although it has been observed that all broods live at relatively high altitudes. Perhaps the extremes of the mountain lifestyle prompted them to repeat.

READ  진보 주의자들은 "팔레스타인 상황"트윗에 대해 블 링켄 국무 장관에게 화를 냈습니다.

However, no brood has been seen in many years. Others seem to be shrinking.

“We haven’t seen obstacles on trains in many years,” said Dr. Yoshimura. “Something is changing.”

He suspects that climate change may affect the life cycle of millipedes, indicating that they appear more later in the year than they did before. He also wonders if their diminishing numbers might hinder successful mating, which would accelerate their decline.

“We are still wondering what is the main reason for the decreasing numbers,” he said.

답글 남기기

이메일 주소는 공개되지 않습니다. 필수 필드는 *로 표시됩니다

You May Also Like

키예프가 진전을 추구하면서 ‘치열한 싸움’ – DW – 07/03/2023

다음 섹션으로 건너뛰기 우크라이나는 동부에서 러시아의 공세와 남부에서의 진격에 대해 보고합니다. 3…

대만, 지금까지 중국 공군의 최대 침공 기록

군대 의장대가 2018 년 3 월 16 일 대만 타이베이 장개석 기념관에서…

수천 명이 블라디미르 푸틴의 징집을 피하면서 러시아-조지아 국경의 혼란

키시나우, 몰도바 – 24세의 두 친구인 사진작가 Mikhail과 기술 노동자 Dmitriy가 러시아와…

소말리아를 심연의 위기로 몰아 넣은 관료적 버팔로

케냐 나이로비-뉴욕 주 북부에서 교통부 관리로 재직하던 시절, 소말리아 난민으로 변신 한…